Reference:
The Missile Defense Equation: Factors for Decision Making by Peter J. Mantle

Computing Cost for Current Unit from Learning Curve and First Unit Built

Cost_C = Cost_F * N^LCF

Where:

Cost_C: How much it will cost to build the current unit on the production line.
Cost_F: How much it cost to build the first unit.
N: How many units have been built to date.
LCF: Learning Curve Factor (Derived from Learning Curve Slope)

Finding Production Necessary to Meet Cost Goals

Variables are the same as the prior equation.

Finding Maximum First Unit Cost for Cost Assumptions

Variables are the same as the prior equation.

Computing the Learning Curve Factor (LCF)

LCF = ln(S) / ln(2)

Where:

S: Learning Slope [Decimal; i.e. a slope of 80% is 0.8]

If we wanted to compute the LCF for a learning slope of about 80%; our equation would be:

ln(0.80) / ln(2) = -0.322

Typical LCF Slopes are:

80% (Typical in Aircraft Production)
90% (Typical in Ship Production)
95% (Typical in Ship Production)

A quick and dirty Slope estimate for mass produced munitions be done from this graph; which used a variety of 1980s US missile programs (HARM, Harpoon, Hellfire, HAWK, Maverick, MLRS, Patriot, etc) to estimate costing for another slightly different model (IRATE).

NOTE: Over long periods of production; if constant changes are demanded; the LCF slope trends upwards -- i.e. if you look at the USAAF contract costs for aircraft in WWII and try to estimate a LCF slope, it hovers around 95% - 97.5% due to the constant block changes -- the P-38 of 1941 has only vague links to the P-38L of 1945.